The Ostara Pearl® 2000 reactor system operating at the City of Saskatoon Wastewater Treatment Plant transforms excess phosphorus and nitrogen from the wastewater into fertilizer pellets. In the final steps of the process, a Kason single deck circular vibratory screener dewaters the pellets, and a five-deck Kason classifier separates the final dried pellets into four commercial sizes sold as Crystal Green® fertilizer.
A single deck dewatering screener (foreground) and a five-deck classifier (background) dewater, separate and classify highly pure prills from Ostara’s nutrient recovery process which transforms phosphorus and nitrogen from municipal wastewater into Crystal Green fertilizer.
City installs enhanced biological phosphorus removal
Saskatoon’s wastewater treatment plant, built in 1971, has expanded several times to serve the city’s growing population of over 300,000, and comply with environmental regulations. In 1991, an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was installed to reduce phosphorus to meet discharge permit limits for the South Saskatchewan River.
In the EBPR process, microbes known as phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) remove phosphorus from the incoming wastewater stream of 85 million litres per day. The resulting biomass is piped 12 km to settling lagoons where it is aerobically digested and dewatered. The resulting biosolids from the lagoons are applied to farmland, and the supernatant liquid is pumped back through a second 12 km pipeline to the wastewater plant inflow.
Although EBPR has many advantages over chemical phosphorus removal, the accumulating sludge was releasing phosphorus back into solution, resulting in greater loads of phosphorus and other nutrients (i.e., ammonia and magnesium) circling back to the main treatment process. The nutrient overload promoted formation of a precipitate called struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MgNH4PO4·6H2O) that was coating pipes, valves and other equipment, reducing plant flow capacities and increasing maintenance requirements. “Struvite formation was challenging operational reliability and reducing process efficiency in the sludge treatment stream, impacting digesters, dewatering, and associated biosolids infrastructure,” says Derek Lycke, Ostara Director of Engineering.
To eliminate these problems, the City of Saskatoon commissioned Ostara Nutrient Recovery Technologies Inc. to install Canada’s first commercial facility to recover phosphorus and nitrogen, and transform them into more than 725 tonnes per year of a slow-release, environmentally-responsible, enhanced-efficiency fertilizer called Crystal Green.
Like an oyster forms a pearl
The heart of the nutrient recovery process is Ostara’s Pearl 2000 fluidized bed reactor into which the nitrogen (i.e. ammonia) and phosphorus-rich sludge water is fed. Magnesium chloride is separately added.
Following Ostara’s Pearl 2000 reactor, the 762 mm diameter, single deck Vibroscreen dewatering screener reduces moisture content from the slurry containing phosphorus and nitrogen pellets. The prills are next dried in a horizontal fluid bed dryer.
Additional phosphorus and magnesium are fed to the reactor by Ostara’s Waste Activated Sludge Stripping (WASSTRIP®) process which strips both nutrients from the sludge. The stripping makes available as much as 40% more phosphorus for recovery and further controls struvite scale formation throughout the sludge treatment stream.
The Pearl reactor removes 90% of phosphorus and 40% of nitrogen from its feed water, and converts them into the high-value fertilizer. Microscopic crystals of struvite (each crystal containing both nitrogen and phosphorus) begin to form in the reactor, like a pearl, and grow until they reach desired particle size of 1.0 to 3.5 mm diameter for the fertilizer product.
Says Derek Lycke, “The result is struvite in the form of extremely pure, crystalline pellets (prills). They are batch harvested from the reactor in a slurry consisting of approximately 10% solids by weight at a rate of 1.0 to 1.5 kg/min.
From the horizontal fluid bed dryer (above), the 5-deck, 813 mm diameter classifier separates the phosphorus-nitrogen prills into four fractions, yielding the final Crystal Green fertilizer product.
Circular screener dewaters pellets
“Following harvest, fertilizer finishing occurs automatically in batch mode,” notes Mr. Lycke. “First, the Kason Vibroscreen™ 762 mm diameter single deck dewatering screener dewaters (separates solids from liquid) the prills to a moisture content of 18-20%. The screener also helps spread out and equalize the flow to the horizontal fluid bed dryer.
In operation, an imbalanced-weight gyratory motor imparts multi-plane inertial vibration to the screen deck, causing solid particles to migrate across the 35 mesh (445 mm) screen and exit through the upper discharge spout. The liquid flows through the screen apertures, exiting through the lower discharge spout, and returning to the head end of the treatment process. The particles smaller than 35 mesh (445 mm) are captured.
Because the solids tend to agglomerate, a Kleen Screen ring anti-blinding device is fitted atop the screen. The device consists of plastic rings that move continuously, by the screener’s vibration, across a perforated stainless steel plate having apertures slightly larger than those of the screen beneath. The motion of the rings across the steel plate shears and scrapes the clumping particles so they can pass through the screen. Because the rings are hollow, they promote product flow over the entire screen surface, maximising screening efficiency.
The screened and dewatered particles pass to the horizontal fluid bed dryer, which further reduces their moisture content to 0.5%. Using heat, air flow and vibration, the unit separates and fluidizes individual particles to maximize drying.
Each screening deck of the classifier and dewatering screener is fitted with a Kleen Screen rings anti-blinding device. The motion of the rings sliding across and atop of the perforated steel plate shears and scrapes clumping particles so they can pass through the screen.
Five-deck classifier separates fertilizer pellets into commercial sizes
Following the fluid bed dryer, the 5-deck, 813 mm diameter classifier separates the prills into four fractions ranging from 3.5 to 1.0 mm. The top deck has a 6 mesh (3.5mm aperture) screen. Each deck below has a screen with smaller apertures than the one above it: 8 mesh (2.4 mm), 14 mesh (1.5 mm) and 18 mesh (1.0 mm). Particles smaller than 18 mesh exit the bottom deck’s discharge spout.
Each screening deck is fitted with the same Kleen Screen anti-blinding rings as the dewatering screener. The classifier separates the pellets based on the same multi-plane inertial vibration principle as the single-deck screener.
Crystal Green enhanced efficiency fertilizer
Ostara claims that Crystal Green fertilizer is the first to provide slow release of plant-available phosphorus, nitrogen and magnesium in one citrate-soluble product. Releasing these nutrients slowly over 160 to 200 days promotes plant health while reducing the risk of leaching and runoff.
High purity pellets from Ostara’s Nutrient Recovery process are dried and screened to yield Crystal Green enhanced-efficiency fertilizer.
The product is distributed by fertilizer blending firms and distributors to farmers, superintendents and growers in the agriculture, turf, and horticulture markets throughout North America. In general, the small size grades are blended for turf applications such as golf courses, while the larger size grades are blended for specialty and commercial agriculture.
The City of Saskatoon receives a share of the revenue generated from fertilizer sales, which helps offset the costs of the system. “The process not only helps us to dispose of an otherwise troublesome byproduct, but also creates a new revenue stream for the city,” says Saskatoon’s mayor. “It really is a win-win situation.”
Ostara Pearl®, Crystal Green® and WASSTRIP® are registered trademarks. Vibroscreen™ is a trademark.
