Research article
Desalination, Volume 406 (Special Issue: Desalination and the Environment), 16 March 2017, Pages 60-66 | Farah Ejaz Ahmed, Boor Singh Lalia, Nidal Hilal, Raed Hashaikeh
Abstract
Electrically enhanced fouling control is increasingly applied to membrane-based separation and requires conducting membranes with controlled properties.
In this work, electrically conductive membranes based on networked cellulose (NC) and carbon nanostructures (CNS) were fabricated via vacuum filtration, followed by drying at 40°C. The morphology, structure, mechanical and electrochemical properties of these NC-CNS membranes were characterized and compared with CNS membranes. The effect of incorporating NC on the electrocatalytic activity has been analyzed.
It is found that networked cellulose helps to decrease the contact angle of water from 105° to 73°. It is also found that the improved surface hydrophilicity of CNS-NC membrane assists the regeneration of electrode surface during electrolysis process. Networked cellulose yields a more dense structure with the tensile strength exceeding ten times that of CNS alone. The compaction of pore structure via incorporation of NC translates into promising results with respect to nanofiltration of divalent ions, with a rejection efficiency of 60% for MgSO4 and 47% for CaCl2, while maintaining a high flux ≥ 100 L m−2 h−1, making them suitable for pretreatment of RO feeds.
Highlights
- Electrically conductive membranes have been fabricated using networked cellulose and carbon nanostructures.
- Networked cellulose helps control the pore size and hydrophilicity, allowing the membrane to reject divalent salts.
- Electrocatalytic activity of the membrane is promising for potential use as self-cleaning.
